Fitch says it expects that ratings actions taken as a result of its review of banks' commercial real estate exposure will be concentrated among smaller and mid-size banks. "In most cases, rating actions will likely be limited to one notch, but the possibility of more significant downgrades is quite possible among the banks with the greatest exposure," according to the report.

Based on a balance of $1.1 trillion of commercial real estate loans as of June 30, Fitch says banks could face as much as $140 billion of impairments. For individual banks, this would mean potential losses in the range of 11% and 24% of their total commercial real estate loans, the report says. These figures do not include approximately $500 billion of construction loans, where the risk of impairment is even greater.

As a measure of how disproportionately smaller financial institutions could bear the brunt of continued declines in property fundamentals, the Fitch report notes that none of the four largest US-based banks have commercial real estate portfolios representing more than 10% of their total loans. By contrast, at the 36 Fitch-rated smaller institutions with assets of $20 billion or less, commercial real estate loans represent more than 25% of the outstanding balance.

Dr. Sam Chandan, president and chief economist at Real Estate Econometrics, observes that banks need to be looked at individually as well as collectively. "Our analysis shows meaningful variation in the quality and performance of commercial real estate exposures across banks with similar concentrations," he tells GlobeSt.com. "Aggregations of data that fail to recognize institutional variation in loan quality and risk management capabilities also fail to convey the current and prospective performance heterogeneity of these smaller and mid-sized institutions."

In a statement, Thomas Abruzzo, managing director and co-head of Fitch's North America financial institutions group, comments that "the potential for further deteriorations in commercial real estate portfolios is a major contributor to Fitch's negative outlook for the banking sector. Loan losses are increasingly likely given the expectation for ongoing declines in commercial real estate markets."

It was just such deteriorating conditions that resulted in another monthly increase in US CMBS delinquencies last month. CMBS loan delinquencies now stand at 3.86%, although with two months to go in 2009 the delinquency rate could finish out the year at well short of the 6% rate Fitch and other agencies had predicted last spring.

On a percentage basis, the office sector had the biggest monthly increase, rising 19.4% and $557 million to a 2.29% delinquency rate. "With the looming possibility of leases expiring on space under-utilized by companies that have downsized, office performance may not reach a trough for a few years," says Susan Merrick, head of Fitch's US CMBS group, in a release. In second place was the hospitality sector with a 16.5% increase worth $493.9 million of new delinquencies, although the delinquency rate for hotels is the highest at 6.81%. Multifamily has the second-highest late-pay rate at 6%.

However, although retail comes in third behind hotels and multifamily, the sector has the biggest dollar volume of delinquent loans at $4.9 billion. Retail loans showed only a slight increase from the $3.9 billion recorded in September, according to Fitch; the delinquency rate for this sector is. Loans backed by industrial properties ended October with $746 million of delinquencies, a 3.8% month-over-month increase. The delinquency rate for industrial is 3.09%.

October's 21-bps increase in commercial real estate loan CDO late-pays brought the delinquency rate for CDOs above 10% for the first time. Non-traditional property types—including loans secured by interests in land, condominium conversions and construction projects—now represent 44% of all delinquencies, a disproportionate amount considering that these property types comprise only 13% of the collateral in Fitch-rated CREL CDOs.

According to Fitch, approximately 40% of all land loans in the Fitch-rated CREL CDO universe are now delinquent, and increased delinquencies are expected. The agency says other non-traditional asset types also have high overall delinquency rates, with condominium conversions at 23% and construction loans at 29%.

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Paul Bubny

Paul Bubny is managing editor of Real Estate Forum and GlobeSt.com. He has been reporting on business since 1988 and on commercial real estate since 2007. He is based at ALM Real Estate Media Group's offices in New York City.