In addition, these changes to common areas do not apply to increase caps, according to Villalpando. "In leases where a landlord provides a tenant with a cap on increases in common area costs, such cap does not typically apply to uncontrollable costs," he says. "Following COVID-19, landlords should consider expanding the list of "uncontrollable" costs. For example, costs associated with a pandemic and the related health or safety measures the landlord takes, for example the installation of hand sanitizing stations, upgrades to automatic doors, use of more personnel to administer cleaning and to make sure guests comply with social distancing requirements, should be deemed uncontrollable and not be subject to any cap."

In addition, landlords should also take the into account the cost structure, particularly during a pandemic. "If it turns out that the "base year" for setting the "floor" for common area costs occurs during a year when the common areas are used less because of a pandemic or related outbreak, the landlord should consider including a "gross up" concept to bring the "floor" up to a number that is more reflective of what common area costs would have been but for the pandemic," says Villalpando.

Villalpando also suggests that landlords can modify the cap during the lowest period. "Another alternative would be to modify the cumulative versus non-cumulative nature of the cap for any period during which common area costs are artificially low," he says. "Basically, with a cumulative cap, when the common area costs for a particular year exceed the cap, the landlord can apply any unused portions of the cap from previous years to make up the difference."